The Histogenetic Base of Renal Capsular-derived Tumors

Capsulomas comprise a category of very rare benign tumors derived from the renal capsule, the most encountered being myxomas and leiomyomas. To get more information on the histogenetic origin of these tumors, a comprehensive ultrastructural investigation on the human renal capsule has been done on kidney biopsy samples performed for nephropathologic diagnosis. The human renal capsule ultrastructure is similar to that of the mammalian renal capsule. There are two cellular layers: an inner layer made up of particular (immature) smooth muscle cells, and a second outer layer consisting of fibroblasts, collagen fibers, extracellular matrix, and telocyte-like cells. Two cases of leiomyomas of microscopic dimensions, situated beneath the capsule have been described. Data from the literature presenting the ultrastructure and perirenal location of myxomas support the affiliation of these capsulomas with the resident renal capsular cells. Based on ultrastructural studies, the authors demonstrate the presence of telocyte-like cells in the outer layer of the human renal capsule and propose distinct histogeneses for leiomyomas and for capsular myxomas as derived from the inner and outer capsular layers, respectively.     

脑心通胶囊治疗脑梗死合并心肌缺血的多中心非随机临床对照试验

目的：观察脑心通胶囊（步长制药）治疗脑梗死合并心肌缺血患者的临床疗效。方法选取2013年10月至2014年12月北京21所医院神经内科收治的符合入组条件的急性脑梗死伴心肌缺血患者，非随机分为脑心通组（基础治疗基础上加用步长脑心通胶囊）和对照组（仅基础治疗）。对比分析第4周、8周、12周时2组心电图变化以及使用NIHSS和改良mRankin评估第12周时神经功能变化。结果入组544例，剔除16例（不良事件2例、自动放弃1例、违背规则1例、失访6例、其他6例），实际完成试验528例（包含测量资料缺失病例），其中脑心通组291例，对照组237例。心肌缺血改善的有效率脑心通组和对照组第4周差异无统计学意义（18．1％、14．9％， P ＝0．704）；但第8周（27．7％、14．3％， P ＝0．001）和第12周（31．3％、16．9％，P ＜0．01）差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。第12周时NIHSS减少≥2分脑心通组（77．7％）明显高于对照组（68．4％）（ P ＜0．05），mRankin 减少≥1分脑心通组（67．7％）显著高于对照组（56．1％）（ P ＜0．05）。多因素分析心电图改善的独立影响因素是脑心通（ P ＝0．005）和第12周时AST的降低（ P ＝00．47）；神经功能改善的影响因素包括脑心通治疗、基线收缩压和肌酐水平、既往心脏病或高脂血症病史。结论脑心通胶囊联合基础治疗对脑梗死合并心肌缺血临床疗效确切。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊联合四联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌所致胃溃疡的效果

目的观察双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊联合四联疗法治疗幽门螺杆菌(Hp)所致胃溃疡的效果。方法选取2016年1月至2019年12月在郑州大学附属郑州中心医院治疗的112例Hp所致胃溃疡患者为研究对象。按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组56例。对照组采取四联疗法(雷贝拉唑钠+胶体果胶铋+克拉霉素+阿莫西林)治疗;观察组在对照组基础上,联合双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、Hp根除率、不良反应及复发率。结果观察组患者的治疗总有效率(98.21%,55/56)高于对照组(85.71%,48/56),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者的Hp根除率(92.96%,52/56)高于对照组(76.79%,43/56),观察组复发率(3.57%,2/56)低于对照组(16.07%,9/56),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论联合应用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊、四联疗法可提高治疗效果及Hp根除率,减少病情复发,且安全性良好。     

灯盏生脉胶囊联合盐酸多奈哌齐治疗阿尔茨海默病的临床研究

目的 观察灯盏生脉胶囊联合盐酸多奈哌齐对阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能、日常生活能力及安全性的影响。方法 将98例阿尔茨海默病患者随机分为治疗组与对照组各49例; 对照组给予每日口服盐酸多奈哌齐5 mg/次,1次/d,治疗组在对照组的基础上口服灯盏生脉胶囊0.36 g/次,3次/d; 比较2组患者治疗前与治疗3、6月后认知功能评分(MMSE、ADAS-cog)、日常生活能力评分(ADAS-ADL)、血清一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素(ET)水平及不良反应发生率。结果 治疗6月后治疗组MMSE评分为(21.85±2.58)分,对照组为(20.48±2.23)分(P<0.05); 治疗3、6月后治疗组ADAS-cog评分为(45.48±5.94)、(41.57±5.10)分,对照组为(48.69±6.23)、(414.24±5.53)分(P<0.05); 治疗3、6月后治疗组ADAS-ADL评分为(43.91±4.25)、(47.57±3.86),对照组为(41.77±4.44)分、(44.46±5.18)分(P<0.05); 治疗3、6月后治疗组NO水平为(41.95±7.62)、(37.89±5.93)μmol/L,对照组为(45.28±6.68)、(41.55±7.92)μmol/L(P<0.05); 治疗3、6月后治疗组ET水平为(140.48±22.94)、(132.04±10.08)ng/L,对照组为(152.08±17.39)、(143.91±17.60)ng/L(P<0.05); 2组药物不良反应主要有恶心、失眠、头痛、乏力、头晕、腹泻、皮疹,治疗组和对照组药物不良反应发生率分别为20.41%和14.28%(P>0.05)。结论 灯盏生脉胶囊联合盐酸多奈哌齐可提高阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能及日常生活能力,减少神经毒性物质NO、ET的生成,且安全性较好     

生髓健骨胶囊对酒精性骨质疏松大鼠骨密度、骨矿含量影响的研究

目的从基因分子水平探讨酒精性骨质疏松(alcoholic osteoporosis,AOP)大鼠的发病机制,观察生髓健骨胶囊对AOP大鼠骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、骨矿含量(bone mineral content,BMC)表达的影响,探讨生髓健骨胶囊对AOP大鼠模型的中药防治作用机理。方法选取成年雄性(清洁级)SD大鼠120只,称体重,随机分为4组,每组各30只,用白酒灌胃法造模,同时分别给予生理盐水、碳酸钙阿法D3、生髓健骨胶囊灌胃给药。于造模8、12、16周末取材,检测股骨上端BMD、BMC指标。结果检测造模干预8、12、16周后BMD、BMC指标变化,模型组BMD、BMC与正常组比较明显降低,且差异有统计学意义(P0.01),结果表明饮酒大鼠确实存在骨量减少,BMD、BMC降低;中药干预组BMD、BMC与模型组相比显著升高(P0.01);中药干预组BMD、BMC与西药对照组相比,明显升高(P0.05)。结论通过观察生髓健骨胶囊对AOP大鼠的实验指标,证明了生髓健骨胶囊能够提高AOP大鼠骨密度,增加骨矿含量,抑制矿物质丢失,改善大鼠的骨代谢。     

三虫胶囊对脑梗死功能缺损及二级预防的临床研究

目的探讨三虫胶囊对脑梗死功能缺损及二级预防的疗效。方法80例脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组在对照组治疗方案的基础上加三虫胶囊治疗。对2组患者治疗前及治疗后半月、6月、1年、2年分别进行mRS评分、NIHSS评分,同时进行D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(Fib)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、红细胞比容(Hct)等实验室检查,通过对比分析,观察其对脑梗死功能缺损及几项实验室指标的作用,验证三虫胶囊对脑梗死神经缺损及二级预防的疗效。结果治疗组治疗后半月、6月、1年、2年mRS、NIHSS评分与治疗前及对照对比,且没有出现恶化和再中患者,差异皆有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时通过三虫胶囊治疗后半月、6月、1年、2年的D-D、Fib、LDL-C、Hct等实验室关键指标皆明显改善,优于对照组,差异均有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论三虫胶囊通过降脂、抗凝、抗黏等机理,发挥着脑梗死神经缺损的恢复及二级预防的重要作用,对脑梗死防治疗效较好。     

Pericapsular hip muscle activity in people with and without femoroacetabular impingement. A comparison in dynamic tasks

ObjectivesCompare anterior pericapsular muscle activity between individuals with and without femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) during dynamic tasks, to investigate whether muscle activity is consistent with a role in retracting the capsule to prevent impingement and active restraint of the femoral head in walking.DesignCross-sectional.SettingUniversity-laboratory.ParticipantsThirteen athletes with FAIS and 13 pain-free controls.Main outcome measuresMuscle activity was recorded using fine-wire (Iliocapsularis, iliacus and anterior gluteus minimus) and surface (rectus femoris) electromyography (EMG), during three hip flexion tasks (active and assisted hip flexion; squatting) and four walking trials.ResultsIliocapsularis EMG amplitude was no different between active and assisted hip flexion tasks around 90° of hip flexion in FAIS. There was no difference in EMG between groups in squatting. The pattern of burst activity preceding peak hip extension in iliacus, iliocapsularis, and anterior gluteus minimus was similar in both groups during walking.ConclusionIn FAIS, similar activation of iliocapsularis during active and assisted hip flexion, despite reduced flexion torque demand in the latter, suggests a role in capsular retraction or enhanced hip joint protection. Pericapsular muscle activity in advance of peak hip extension during walking is consistent with a proposed contribution to femoral head control.     

Bailing Capsule combined with α-ketoacid tablets for stage 3 chronic kidney disease: Protocol of a double-blinded,randomized, controlled trial

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function. After stage 3, there will be increased risks of hypertension, heart failure, bone disease, anemia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and progression to end-stage kidney failure without proper intervention and treatment. Compound α-ketoacid tablets (KA) administration plays an important role in clinical CKD adjunctive therapy for patients with restricted protein intake. Bailing Capsule (BC), a commonly used Chinese patent medicine for renal diseases, could regulate human immune function, repair renal tubular epithelial cells, prevent renal tubular atrophy, and reduce kidney damage to improve renal function. In this study, we try to conduct a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial to observe the efficacy and safety of BC combined with KA in treating patients with stage 3 CKD.Methods:This is a double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Patients will be randomly divided into treatment group (BC and KT) and control group (BC-simulation and KT) in a 1:1 ratio according to random number table. The treatment course will be 8 weeks, and the changes of subjective symptoms, patient global assessment (PGA) scale, serum creatinine, cystatin C, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, all related adverse events, vital sign measurements, and physical examinations will be recorded. SPSS 21.0 will be used for data analysis.Conclusions:The results will show whether BC combined with KA could alleviate the symptoms of fatigue, anorexia, halitosis, nausea, itching, and edema, improve kidney function in patients with CKD at stage 3.Trial registration:OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/24AJ7.     

通心络胶囊治疗急性心梗PCI术后的Meta分析

目的 评价通心络胶囊联合西药治疗急性心梗PCI（Percutaneous coronary intervention）治疗后的疗效和安全性。方法 检索Wan-Fang、CBM、CNKI、VIP、PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library和EMbase 8个数据库。采用“Cochrane风险偏倚评估”工具对纳入研究进行方法学质量评价，运用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果 最终检索到920篇相关文献，纳入28项研究，涉及2434例患者。Meta分析结果显示，通心络胶囊联合西药常规治疗可显著提升LVEF（MD = 4.90，95%CI[3.87，5.83]，P < 0.00001），降低NT-proBNP（MD = -70.84，95%CI[-76.86，-64.81]，P < 0.00001），增加TIMI分级3级患者（RR = 1.58，95%CI[1.26，1.98]，P < 0.0001），降低MACE（RR = 0.40，95%CI[0.29，0.55]，P < 0.00001），降低hs-CRP（MD = -2.89，95%CI[-3.63， -2.15]，P < 0.00001）、IL-6（MD = -3.18，95%CI[-3.37，-2.99]，P < 0.00001）。安全性方面，不良反应发生较均较轻，未影响治疗。结论 通心络胶囊可有效改善急性心梗PCI术后相关指标，仍需更多高质量的临床研究进一步证实其疗效。